| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2019 | Volume
: 2
| Issue : 2 | Page : 77-80 |
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Pulmonary manifestations and radiographic findings in granulomatosis with polyangiitis patients in a university teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia
Abdurhman Saud Al Arfaj1, Najma Khalil2, Sultan M Al Mogairen1, Hussain Al Arfaj1, Abdulaziz Al Khalaf1, Mohammad Al Bedaiwi1
1 Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2 College of Medicine Research Center and Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Correspondence Address:
Abdurhman Saud Al Arfaj
Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P. O. Box 34471, Riyadh 11468
Saudi Arabia
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | 2 |
DOI: 10.4103/JNSM.JNSM_38_18
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Objectives: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) affects respiratory system very often. In this report, we document the pulmonary manifestations and computed tomography (CT) findings in GPA patients. Subjects and Methods: We conducted retrospective study of GPA patients followed up at King Khalid University hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, during the period 1990–2014. Various disease manifestations, X-ray and CT findings, therapy, and outcome in GPA patients with pulmonary involvement were retrieved. Results: Among 23 cases of GPA, 14 were males and 9 were females. Mean age at onset of disease was 42.1 ± 14.5 (range: 11–63) years. Respiratory tract was the most frequently involved system (82.6%); upper airways were affected in 56.5% and lungs in 65.2% patients. Among 19 patients with respiratory system involvement antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) was positive in 18 (94.7%) patients; c-ANCA was positive in 15 (78.9%) and p-ANCA was positive in 3 (15.8%) patients. Chest CT findings in 15 patients showed that lung nodules were the most frequent pathologies, seen in 12 (80.0%) patients, and were cavitated in 8 (53.3%) patients. Airspace opacification was seen in 73.3%, air bronchogram in 20.0%, and ground-glass opacities in 33.3%. CT results at follow-up showed resolution of lung nodules in 9 (60.0%) patients. Lung biopsies showed chronic granulomatous inflammation with vasculitis and necrosis. Intravenous cyclophosphamide was received by 63.2% patients and 10.5% required rituximab therapy along with other drugs. Conclusion: Respiratory system involvement in our GPA patients was similar to previous reports but with variation in certain parameters. Disease outcome was good, and lung CT at follow-up showed resolution of nodules with treatment.
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